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Inventory of coaxial connectors

2020.03.31
Coaxial connectors are used to transmit radio frequency signals. The transmission frequency range is as wide as 18GHz or higher. They are mainly used for radar, communication, data transmission and aerospace equipment. The basic structure of a coaxial connector includes: a center conductor (positive or negative center contact); a dielectric material outside the inner conductor, or an insulator; an outer conductor on the outside, this part acts as an external shielding layer, that is, A ground element that transmits signals as a shield or circuit. RF coaxial connectors can be divided into many types, the more common types are listed below.

N-type connector


N-type connector (Type N connector) is a threaded connection and can be rotated and locked. It was one of the first connectors capable of transmitting microwave frequency signals, and was invented by Paul Neill of Bell Labs in the 1940s and named after Neill. The N-type connector supports a signal frequency range of 0 to 11 GHz, and the enhanced type can reach 18 GHz. There are two kinds of characteristic impedances, 50 ohms (widely used in mobile communications, wireless data, paging systems, etc.) and 75 ohms (mainly used in cable television systems).

BNC connector


BNC connector is also one of the frequently seen RF connectors. It is a small bayonet type connector that can be quickly connected. The full name of BNC is Bayonet Nut Connector (Snap-fit connector, this name describes it vividly In view of this connector shape), the original meaning of BNC (Bayonet Neill–Concelman) actually came from the first names of the two inventors, Paul Neill and Carl Concelman. Paul Neill is also the inventor of N-type connector. BNC connectors are widely used in wireless communication systems, televisions, test equipment, and other radio frequency electronic equipment. Early computer networks also used BNC connectors. The BNC connector supports signal frequencies ranging from 0 to 4 GHz. There are two types of characteristic impedance: 50 ohms and 75 ohms.

SMA connector


SMA connector is a kind of widely used coaxial connector with small screw connection. It has the characteristics of frequency bandwidth, excellent performance, reliability and long life. The SMA connector is suitable for connecting radio frequency cables or microstrip lines in the radio frequency loop of microwave equipment and digital communication systems. It is often used on a wireless device for the GPS clock interface on a board and the test port of a base station radio frequency module. The full name of SMA is SubMiniature version A, which was invented in the 1960s. The signal frequency supported by the SMA connector ranges from DC to 18GHz, and some types can support up to 26.5GHz. The characteristic impedance is 50 ohms.

SMB connector


The full name of SMB is SubMiniature version B. It is a small push-in locking RF coaxial connector. It has the characteristics of small size, light weight, convenient use, and excellent electrical performance. It is suitable for high frequency of radio equipment and electronic instruments. For connecting coaxial cables in the circuit. It is often used on the wireless device to connect the base station side E1 transmission cable to the base station DDF small transmission box. SMB connectors were invented in the 1960s and are smaller than SMA connectors. There are two types of characteristic impedance: 50 ohms and 75 ohms. Excellent electrical characteristics in the frequency range from DC to 4GHz. SSMB is a mini version of SMB connector that can support up to 12.4GHz.

SMC connector


The full name of SMC is SubMiniature version C, which is also an RF coaxial connector invented in the 1960s. It uses # 10-32 UNF thread interface, which can provide excellent electrical performance from DC to 10GHz. The SMC male has external threads and the SMC female has matching nuts. There are two types of characteristic impedance: 50 ohms and 75 ohms, which provide interconnection methods for small coaxial cables and printed circuit boards that care about size.

F connector


F-type connector is a radio frequency connector that everyone will see in daily life. It is widely used in cable TV, satellite TV, cable modem connection with TV and other fields. It can be used in occasions with impedance matching requirements, and can also be used in non-matching places. It is characterized by convenient screw connection and mating. Stable performance. The F-type connector was invented by Eric Winston in the early 1950s, and it has become a common connector for VHF TV antenna in the United States in the 1970s. The F-type connector is very cheap, the characteristic impedance is 75 ohms, and the highest frequency can generally support 1GHz or 2.4GHz.

RCA connector


RCA is the abbreviation of Radio Corporation of American, because the RCA connector was invented by this company in the 1940s. RCA is commonly known as the lotus socket, also known as the AV terminal and AV interface. Almost all TVs and DVD players have this interface. It is not designed for which interface, it can be used for both audio and ordinary video signals. The typical bearer signal range is 0-100MHz.

7/16 DIN connector


DIN type (also called 7/16 or L29) series coaxial connector is a larger 50 ohm impedance threaded connector, which has the characteristics of sturdiness and stability, low loss, high working voltage, etc., and most of them have waterproof structure and can be used Outdoor, as a connector for medium and high energy transmission, is widely used in microwave transmission and mobile communication systems. Commonly used in base station antenna feeder connector, antenna connector, etc. DIN is the abbreviation of German Standards Institute, which is a series of connector standards formulated by it. DIN joints and N-type joints are very similar. The diameter of the DIN head is large, which is about twice the diameter of the N head.

TNC connector


TNC is the abbreviation of Threaded Neill–Concelman. Is it a bit familiar to see Neill–Concelman, yes, TNC's NC is the same as BNC's NC, which means that they have the same inventor. The TNC connector is a variant of the BNC connector and uses a threaded connection. The characteristic impedance is 50 ohms, and the optimal operating frequency range is 0-11GHz. In the microwave band, TNC connectors perform better than BNC connectors. It has the characteristics of strong vibration resistance, high reliability, excellent mechanical and electrical properties, etc., and is widely used in radio equipment and electronic instruments to connect RF coaxial cables.

UHF connector


This joint has a long history, and it was already in use before the Second World War. Another name, "UHF connector", comes from the definition of UHF at that time (frequency higher than 30MHz is the UHF frequency range). Tests on this connector now show that its characteristics are mainly suitable for frequencies around 100MHz and below. This is the VHF frequency band now commonly referred to.

The most significant feature of this connector is a thick center conductor (about 4mm thick) in the middle of the plug. For connection and fixing, the internal thread on the joint and the external thread on the socket are engaged with each other. This plug is not waterproof, so special care should be taken when outdoor installation to affect the natural conditions such as rain.

MCX connector


The MCX connector was invented in the 1980s. It has the same internal contact and insulator dimensions as the SMB connector, but is 30% smaller than the SMB. The full name of MCX is Mirco Coaxial. Relevant standards are specified in European CECC 22220. Because the MCX connector uses a push-in connection method, this makes the connection and separation of the connector very fast, shortening the installation time of the connector. MCX connector still has good electrical performance when the frequency reaches 6GHz. It can also be used with a variety of cables, including semi-rigid cables and flexible cables, with reliable connection and long life.

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